Greenhouse shed is a kind of agricultural facility widely used in the vegetable industry and flower industry. With the strategic adjustment of the structure of the planting industry in various places, the greenhouse shed area has expanded rapidly. This plays an important role in prolonging the production and supply period of vegetables and increasing farmers' income. However, greenhouse greenhouses on the management of technical measures are more stringent, especially vegetables are warm plants, encounter even rainy and snowy weather there is a greater risk. Therefore, strict operating procedures must be carried out to manage and adjust the temperature, moisture, lighting, gas and soil nutrition and other environmental conditions in order to ensure safe production.
However, in the process of production practice, most growers do not have a good grasp of management technology, there are more problems, resulting in great losses. So, how to manage the greenhouse shed? Let's give you a specific introduction.
Control of temperature and light
Temperature
Temperature includes temperature and ground temperature, different growth period of the temperature requirements are different, so according to different periods of temperature regulation.
Generally speaking, the temperature is also high, so the production of greenhouses is mainly to regulate the temperature, improve the ground temperature. In cold winters, after the general daytime temperature rises to 30 degrees Celsius, do not immediately ventilate to cool down, but to maintain for a period of time to further improve the ground temperature. Only in this way will the temperature at night not be too low, after the temperature exceeds 32 degrees C, can be slightly opened from the top ventilation cooling, so that the room temperature remains at about 30 degrees C, and the night temperature is controlled above 12 degrees C. Rainy and snowy weather, during the day should try to increase the temperature, the minimum temperature at night to maintain around 10 degrees C as well. If the minimum temperature at night is below 10 degrees C can be appropriate to raise the fire to warm up, but be sure to pay attention to the fire in the shed must be excluded from the shed. If the daytime temperature is low, the temperature at night should not be too high, in order to maintain a certain temperature difference between day and night (temperature difference of more than 8 degrees C) to reduce breathing consumption, improve the rate of setting fruit. The insufficient ground temperature will directly affect the growth and development of the root system, we should take the methods of increasing the use of organic fertilizer, planting, film cover, watering and so on to maximize the ground temperature. In addition, in order to reduce the heat exchange inside and outside the shed, improve the night temperature, should be in the south of the shed 10cm away from the film to dig a deep, wide 50cm cold-proof ditch, the ditch filled with weeds, leaves, wheat, etc. as a heat insulation layer, on top of the dry soil cover good solidifies.
Light
Light is not only a source of heat but also a source of energy for photosynthelation. In vegetable production, the role of scattered light can not be ignored. Because of red and yellow light each account for about 50% of scattered light, and direct light is only 37% at most, red light is the most effective light indispensable for photomodulation of vegetable crops, so it is necessary to make full and rational use of scattered light. The scattered light in the morning and evening is almost 100%, so the early opening of the late grass on a sunny day is very important to make full use of the light energy. In addition, the film cover not only has a good effect of improving the ground temperature, protecting and reducing the air humidity in the shed but also has the effect of increasing the scattering light in the shed. It has been proved that the transparent film covered by sorghum can increase the intensity of light reflection in the shed by more than 60% from 1 meter from the ground, which is very important to improve the problem of lighting inside the crop population, especially the weak light in the lower part, and reasonable dense planting is also an effective measure to change the lighting conditions.
In light management, the general principle is that as long as the temperature in the shed is not reduced too much, as much light as possible.
Humidity conditions and regulation
The humidity in the shed includes soil moisture and air humidity. Soil moisture is mainly regulated by irrigation, in order to prevent irrigation from lowering the ground temperature, from planting to deep winter should be mainly controlled. When you must water, choose a sunny morning, from the small ditch under the inland membrane water or warm water (preferably drip irrigation). In order to prevent excessive humidity after watering caused by disease, spray protection before watering, after watering to strengthen ventilation and dehumidification. Air humidity in the shed is generally high humidity environment, especially on rainy days humidity of more than 90%, and according to the humidity to determine the ventilation time and a number of times.
Gas conditions and their regulation
There are significant differences in the air composition of the sheds from the outside world, which have a direct impact on vegetable crops. Among them, the most prominent performance is carbon dioxide, the second is harmful gases such as ammonia, sulfur dioxide and volatile gases of agricultural film. For harmful gases and excessive moisture, remove them through ventilation. Emphasis is placed on the addition of carbon dioxide, which is the raw material for photo-cooperation of crops, and the insufficient concentration of carbon dioxide in the sheds is an important factor in limiting yield. Vegetable cultivation in large sheds, without ventilation, without the addition of carbon dioxide will greatly affect the photochrom opportune of crops, resulting in reduced yields. General tomatoes, cucumbers and other crops carbon dioxide concentration in 2000PPM, prototyping rate increased significantly. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the shed is about 300PPM during the day, and at night due to the lack of photoaging, the maximum concentration in the morning can reach 600PPM, which is still a lot different from the amount required. Therefore, attention must be paid to the replenishment of carbon dioxide. The use of carbon dioxide is currently mainly using chemical reaction method, that is, according to the area of the shed to calculate the total amount of ammonium bicarbonate (ammonium bicarbonate per square meter of dosing: seedling period 5.7-7.8 grams, planted to sit fruit period 11.5-16.3 grams, sitting fruit until harvest 9.5-13.3 grams), then wrap ammonium bicarbonate in a plastic bag or thick paper, and insert a few holes in it, slowly put in a bucket containing excess sulfate, and sink to the bottom. Note that ammonium bicarbonate should never be wrapped and sprinkled directly into thin sulfuric acid. At the same time, a shed should be set up several reaction points to help the uniform distribution of carbon dioxide in the shed. Generally, every 7 meters set up a reaction barrel can be. The application of carbon dioxide from the seedling period to the harvest period can be used, but should be in the sunny morning after about 1 hour after the application, after 2 hours or the temperature in the shed more than 30 degrees C can be ventilated, rainy and snowy weather and the temperature in the shed is less than 15 degrees C can not be used. At present, the use of carbon dioxide liquid fertilizer, carbon dioxide generator effect is also very good, can be actively selected.
Soil nutrient regulation
The vegetables in the shed grow long and have a single variety, and the demand for various elements in the soil is high and demanding. In particular, in addition to the need for a large amount of nitrogen, the need for phosphorus, potassium is very high and even the need for potassium exceeds nitrogen. In addition, other trace elements are also strict, the lack of anyone will appear hypoxia. Therefore, according to its long-term trend and soil test results, timely adjustment, fertilizer supplementation.
In general, no fertilization is pursued until mid-February after the fertilization of the foot. After mid-February, the original soil fertilizer often appears a shortage phenomenon, do not pursue fertilizer is very easy to cause premature aging, should be timely soil fertilization. The amount and number of fertilizer recovery can be determined according to the situation, but attention must be paid to the use of potassium phosphate fertilizer. In addition, the root of fertilizer and sugar supplementation is also a quick effect, the effect of obvious measures can be actively adopted. General root fertilizer (urea phosphate potassium dihydrohydrogen triple compound fertilizer) concentration of 0.2-0.396%, sugar supplement (white sugar and red sugar) concentration of 0.5%, but pay attention to focus on the back of the spray blades, fewer spray blades on the front. To increase the air pressure atomization good, can not make the leaves form water droplets fall.
Pest control
Shed cultivation due to high humidity, prone to disease, we should do a good job of prevention and control. In the use of pharmaceutical disease prevention and treatment of insects, generally combined with pest and disease epidemic conditions, before the onset of drugs and several drugs alternately used, every 7-10 days spraying. If the disease strain is found to be focused on medication, spray every 3-4 days, at least 3 times. At present, the better fungicides have 55% bactericidal smoke agent, 75% bacillus clear wetting powder, 64% universal wetting powder, 72% Khloe dehumidifiable powder, 50% fast kering refrigerant powder, 50% methyltobuzin, 25% methyl cream and so on. Pesticides have killed (worms, ticks and special effects), kung fu, insecticidal king, great meritorious, insecticidal and so on.
In short, from a long-term perspective, the development of greenhouse sheds to be based on the market, only advanced hardware is far from enough, there must be scientific management to match. Revenues can only continue to grow if management technology is passed.
Compared with clear glass, diffused glass can increase the uniformity of the greenhouse climate, especially temperature and light conditions. MIGO GLASS offers this type of glass to help the farmer to take an effect on planting.
